What you need to know about tennis elbow surgery
Tennis elbow is a common condition that affects many individuals, not just athletes or avid tennis players. It is characterized by pain and and tenderness over the bony prominence of the lateral epicondyle. This structure is also the common origin of the long extensor tendons for the forearm and hand and the underlying pathology appears to be an area of degenerative change within these tendons.
While non-surgical treatments can often alleviate the symptoms, in some cases, tennis elbow surgery may be necessary to achieve full recovery. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with all the information you need to understand tennis elbow surgery, from its definition and diagnosis to the recovery process.
Understanding Tennis Elbow
Before delving into the details of tennis elbow surgery, it is essential to have a clear understanding of the condition itself. Tennis elbow, medically known as lateral epicondylitis, occurs due to repetitive motion and overuse of the forearm muscles. It commonly affects individuals who engage in activities that involve repetitive arm movements, such as tennis, golf, or even typing on a keyboard for long periods. The repetitive stress placed on the tendons causes microscopic tears and leads to the proliferation of fibroblasts and small vessels with production of disorganized collagen. Hence the term epicondylitis that suggests an inflammatory process is a misnomer. This process has been named angiofibroblastic hyperplasia and results in pain and limited mobility.
Symptoms and Diagnosis of Tennis Elbow
Identifying the symptoms of tennis elbow is crucial in determining the need for surgery. The primary symptom is pain on the outer part of the elbow that gradually worsens over time. The pain may radiate down the forearm and become more intense during activities that involve gripping or lifting. Additionally, individuals with tennis elbow often experience weakness in their grip strength. If you suspect you have tennis elbow, it is important to consult a healthcare professional who can diagnose the condition through a physical examination and possibly imaging tests such as X-rays or MRI scans.
Non-surgical Treatments for Tennis Elbow
In most cases, tennis elbow can be effectively managed with non-surgical treatments. These conservative approaches aim to relieve pain, reduce inflammation, and promote healing. Resting the affected arm, applying ice packs, and taking over-the-counter pain medications can help alleviate symptoms. Physical therapy exercises, such as stretching and strengthening exercises, are often recommended to improve flexibility and gradually restore strength to the affected tendons. Additionally, wearing a brace or using specialized equipment can provide support and reduce strain on the injured area.
Other treatment options for tennis elbow include Autologous Blood Injection (ABI), which is recommended for cases where other treatments have failed but doesn’t show long-term benefits. Orthotics like the lateral epicondylar brace may be useful initially, while Platelet Rich Plasma injections (PRP) show promise in tissue repair despite differing study results. Wrist extension splints can reduce muscle tone but may be challenging to wear. Ice application lacks clear benefits, while Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment (ECSWT) and Botox show mixed results among studies. Laser therapy and acupuncture offer short-term relief.
When is Tennis Elbow Surgery Necessary?
While non-surgical treatments are usually the first line of defense against tennis elbow, surgery may be necessary if conservative methods fail to provide relief or if the condition becomes chronic. Surgery is typically considered when symptoms persist for more than six to twelve months or if the individual’s daily activities are significantly impacted. It is important to consult with an orthopedic specialist who can evaluate your specific case and determine if tennis elbow surgery is the right course of action.
Types of Tennis Elbow Surgery
There are several surgical procedures that can be performed to treat tennis elbow. The most common approach is known as open surgery, where an incision is made over the affected tendon to remove the damaged tissue and repair any tears. Another technique is arthroscopic surgery, which involves making small incisions and using a camera and specialized instruments to perform the procedure. This minimally invasive approach offers the advantage of smaller incisions, reduced scarring, and potentially faster recovery times. Your surgeon will determine the most appropriate surgical technique based on the severity of your condition and other individual factors.
Preparing for Tennis Elbow Surgery
Before undergoing tennis elbow surgery, it is crucial to be well-prepared both physically and mentally. Your orthopedic surgeon will provide specific instructions on how to prepare for the procedure, which may include fasting before surgery and temporarily discontinuing certain medications. It is important to follow these guidelines to minimize any potential risks or complications. Additionally, discussing your concerns and expectations with your surgeon beforehand can help alleviate any anxiety and ensure that you have realistic expectations for the outcome of the surgery.
The Tennis Elbow Surgery Procedure
The actual tennis elbow surgery procedure will depend on the chosen surgical technique and the individual case. During open surgery, the surgeon will make an incision and carefully remove the damaged tissue, repair any tears, and potentially reinforce the tendon. In arthroscopic surgery, small incisions are made, and the surgeon uses a camera and specialized instruments to perform the necessary repairs. The procedure is typically performed under local or general anesthesia, and the length of the surgery can vary depending on the complexity of the case. After the procedure, the incisions are closed, and a bandage or dressing is applied.
Recovery and Rehabilitation after Tennis Elbow Surgery
The recovery period after tennis elbow surgery is a critical phase that requires patience and adherence to your surgeon’s guidelines. Initially, you may experience some pain and swelling, which can be managed with prescribed pain medications and ice packs. Physical therapy is an integral part of the rehabilitation process and will help restore strength and flexibility to the affected arm. Your therapist will guide you through exercises that gradually increase in intensity as your healing progresses. It is important to follow the prescribed rehabilitation program diligently to optimize your recovery and prevent any complications.
Tips for a Successful Recovery from Tennis Elbow Surgery
To ensure a successful recovery from tennis elbow surgery, it is essential to take certain precautions and follow specific guidelines. Avoiding activities that place excessive strain on the affected arm, such as heavy lifting or repetitive gripping, is crucial during the initial stages of recovery. It is also important to maintain good overall health by eating a balanced diet, staying hydrated, and getting adequate rest. Following your surgeon’s instructions regarding wound care, medications, and physical therapy appointments is essential. Patience and persistence are key during the recovery process, as it may take several months to regain full strength and functionality.
While non-surgical treatments can often alleviate the symptoms, in some cases, tennis elbow surgery may be necessary to achieve full recovery. This comprehensive guide aims to provide you with all the information you need to understand tennis elbow surgery, from its definition and diagnosis to the recovery process.
Other treatment options for tennis elbow include Autologous Blood Injection (ABI), which is recommended for cases where other treatments have failed but doesn’t show long-term benefits. Orthotics like the lateral epicondylar brace may be useful initially, while Platelet Rich Plasma injections (PRP) show promise in tissue repair despite differing study results. Wrist extension splints can reduce muscle tone but may be challenging to wear. Ice application lacks clear benefits, while Extracorporeal Shock Wave Treatment (ECSWT) and Botox show mixed results among studies. Laser therapy and acupuncture offer short-term relief.
Conclusion
Tennis elbow surgery can provide significant relief and improve the quality of life for individuals who have been struggling with chronic symptoms and failed non-surgical treatments. By understanding the condition, recognizing the symptoms, and exploring the available treatment options, you can make informed decisions about your healthcare journey. If you believe tennis elbow surgery may be necessary for your situation, consult with an orthopedic specialist who can guide you through the process and help you recover strong. Remember, recovering from tennis elbow surgery takes time and dedication, but with proper care and rehabilitation, you can regain full functionality and return to the activities you love.